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Kecksburg UFO incident
The Kecksburg UFO incident occurred on December 9, 1965, at Kecksburg, Pennsylvania, USA. A large, brilliant fireball was seen by thousands in at least six U.S. states and Ontario, Canada. It streaked over the Detroit, Michigan – Windsor, Ontario area, reportedly dropped hot metal debris over Michigan and northern Ohio,〔Metal debris fall and recoveries were reported in or near Elyria, Ohio, and Livonia, Jackson, and Battle Creek, Michigan. Example sources were Chicago ''Tribune'' and Baltimore ''Sun'', December 11, 1965 (Livonia), Elyria ''Chronicle-Telegram'', December 11, 1965, and UPI story in Kalamazoo (MI) ''Gazette'', December 11, 1965 (Jackson & Battle Creek)〕 starting some grass fires,〔E.g., (''The Spokesman-Review'', December 10, 1965, p. 1, "U.F.O. Starts Many Fires" ), Chicago ''Tribune'' December 11, 1965, "Flaming Streak Across Sky Identified as Great Meteor: Blamed for Grass and Woods Fires in North States", Cleveland ''Plain-Dealer'', December 10, 1965, "Fireballs Are Blamed in Elyria Grass Blazes", Philadelphia ''Inquirer'', December 10, 1965, "'Flaming Ball' Crashes South of Pittsburgh, Sets Fires in 3 States". Grass fires associated with falling debris were widely reported in AP and UPI stories in Elyria, Ohio, Eaton Township, Ohio, near Columbus, and near Lapeer, Michigan, 40 mile north of Detroit; smoke in the woods was also reported by witnesses and in the press to what landed near Kecksburg.〕 and caused sonic booms in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.〔E.g., Pittsburgh astronomer Nicholas Wagman was quoted by UPI December 10 saying he believed the fireball to be a Geminid meteor and that "there were reports of a shock wave in parts of Western Pennsylvania at the time of the sighting" similar to a meteorite found in Pennsylvania in 1938.〕 It was generally assumed and reported by the press to be a meteor〔The same UPI story reports astronomer Paul Annear also thinking it might be a meteor and quoted "sources at the Pentagon" saying they believed it to be a meteorite. A later UPI story December 15 cited geophysicist George Wetherilo saying it was probably a meteor and discounted that it was debris from a satellite. Similarly AP stories December 10 & 11 quoted astronomers William Bidelman and Fred Hess as saying it undoubtedly was a meteor bolide and cited F.A.A. spokesmen saying it was probably a meteor.〕 after authorities discounted other proposed explanations such as a plane crash, errant missile test, or reentering satellite debris.〔E.g., 1) AP article, Dec. 10, 1965, Lebanon, PA, ''Daily Times'': "A spokesman for the Defense Department in Washington said first reports indicate it was a natural phenomenon. All aircraft, missiles and the like are accounted for, he said." 2) UPI article, Lima, Ohio, ''News'', Dec. 11, 1965: "In Washington, the Air Force said it 'concludes that the phenomena was a meteor or meteors that entered the atmosphere.' The Air Force, which process information of unidentified flying objects, said all aircraft and missiles were accounted for and there was no evidence of space debris which entered the atmosphere at that time."〕 However, eyewitnesses in the small village of Kecksburg, about 30 miles southeast of Pittsburgh, claimed something crashed in the woods.〔(Beaver County Times, December 10, 1965, p. A-4, "Countians See" )〕 A boy said he saw the object land; his mother saw a wisp of blue smoke arising from the woods and alerted authorities. Another reported feeling a vibration and "a thump" about the time the object reportedly landed.〔(Greensburg Tribune-Review headline story, December 10, 1965 ) 〕 Others from Kecksburg, including local volunteer fire department members, reported finding an object in the shape of an acorn and about as large as a Volkswagen Beetle. Writing resembling Egyptian hieroglyphics was also said to be in a band around the base of the object. Witnesses further reported that intense military presence, most notably the United States Army, secured the area, ordered civilians out, and then removed an object on a flatbed truck. The military claimed they searched the woods and found "absolutely nothing."〔E.g. AP article, Dec. 10: "State troopers and Air Force personnel tramped through the area for hours with Geiger counters. They said they found nothing and called off the search."〕
The ''Tribune-Review'' from nearby Greensburg which had a reporter at the scene ran an article the next morning, "Unidentified Flying Object Falls near Kecksburg—Army Ropes off Area". The article continued, "The area where the object landed was immediately sealed off on the order of U.S. Army and State Police officials, reportedly in anticipation of a 'close inspection' of whatever may have fallen ... State Police officials there ordered the area roped off to await the expected arrival of both U.S. Army engineers and possibly, civilian scientists."〔 However, a later edition of the newspaper stated that nothing had been found after authorities searched the area.
The official explanation of the widely seen fireball was that it was a mid-sized meteor. However speculation as to the identity of the Kecksburg object (if there was one—reports vary) range from alien craft to debris from Kosmos 96, a Soviet space probe intended for Venus but which failed and never left the Earth's atmosphere.〔E.g., space expert and skeptic James Oberg first proposed the Kosmos 96 explanation in 1991 and was continuing to advocate it in a 1998 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette article on the Kecksburg case ()〕 (see also Kosmos 96 section below)
Similarities have been drawn between the Kecksburg incident and the Roswell UFO incident, leading to the former being referred to as "Pennsylvania's Roswell."
== Scientific articles ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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